These include the concentration of MTT reagent and the proportion that actually enters the cell, cellular metabolic activity (which is highly dependent on a multitude of variables including treatments to the cells, biological effect of culture media, cell density,. 4-bet to an amount that puts our opponent in a tough spot. A-K-Q-J-T (all of the same suit) Straight Flush. The Grinder's Manual & NL10. Free. In the second scenario you're playing to win. 1. Secondly, ICM will help you be more aggressive and apply pressure on other players. 2 (VS. TT, 99, 88, 77, 66, 55, 44, 33, 22, AQ, AJ, KQ, QJs, JTs; Here are the poker starting hands you should re-raise (3Bet) with from all positions. You basically ask the solver a poker question and it gives. You’re in a heads-up pot on the river, holding 4♥3♥ on a board of K♠2♥A♥6♣8♠. The magic of the Matrix is using 2 2-card no limit grids stacked on top of each other to give us 4 cards of information. 15. Get the Preflop Guide with 8 Easy-to-Read Charts. I show you almost every scenario you will face. The percentage of hands you should play in poker will vary depending on certain factors. Video tutorial included. If we use too large or too small of a size, our opponent will have an easy decision with most of his hands. These statistics were produced by using millions of hand histories to compute the following results. I appreciate the article, just a little remark: usual standar raises in late phases of an MTT are nowadays even smaller, let's say from 2. Hands down, the Sit and Go has been the most significant innovation to come out of online poker. Total Profit: $5,000. Nicknames for commonly made hands. Middle Pos. Knowing these values can be very helpful when estimating the strength of your starting hand. Hero is dealt in the HiJack. By picking up lots of small pots, you’ll pay a lower amount of rake but with a much higher frequency. 8 max 50bbFor an online tourney that features 5,000 starting chips and an opening BB of 20, each player has 250 BBs to start with. This is because one of the keys to. Here are the hands which we identified as premium. Top 6-14 hands (4. EARLY STAGES. Learning which starting hands to play in the early stages of a poker tournament is 70% of the battle in my opinion. The game, also called 6-Plus Poker, originated in Macau’s high roller poker rooms. So, without further adieu, here are the range charts for 6-max ZOOM. Pairs Action Early Mid Late SB BB AA, KK, QQ JJ, TT Call* = only call if the stacks are deep, else fold NOTES: "Raised before you" means one raiser. Scenario 1: You get involved in a big pot in the early stages of a tournament. Ante refers to a mandatory bet required of all players before any cards are dealt, which encourages action by incentivizing players to be aggressive. How to. Consequently, players invariably reach a point in a tournament when their only sensible decision is to fold their hand. New Breakdown view (Solution browser) We are introducing a new view for the Solution browser called “Breakdown. 1. Tip #5 – Consider the Future Streets. Here are some examples: A♠A♦K♠K♦ - This hand is the best possible double-paired starting hand. Only 3-bet with QQ+ and AK on the pre-flop. NOTE 2: SB range accounts for only when the Small Blind is playing a “Raise First-In” (RFI) strategy. Using Chart #1, we want to call to encourage additional players to enter the pot. How poker hand range charts work! Range Combos. A starting hands chart is very useful as a rough guide for an absolute beginner, but your ultimate goal should be to progress away from this as soon as possible. Pre-Flop and Post-Flop Charts Template. Learning how to play solid preflop is the first step towards becoming a winning player. Just like our UTG range, open all hands in blue for 2. Also, if you want to know how it works, I created a free basic strategy that uses similar charts which will give you a good starting point. 25BB open has to pick up the pot less than half of the time to show an immediate profit. 3 PLO Starting Hand Factors. The below chart is very interesting because you can see the EV change as your position changes along the table. These statistics were produced by using millions of hand histories to compute the following results. Download and use these charts so you know exactly which hands to raise before the flop. 6 min. If you’re new to starting hand charts, we recommend quickly re-reading our article about poker hands & poker hand rankings here. It is important to know that using charts in a wise, elastic way, can bring many advantages. 3-betting gives you a chance to pick. • Value bet relatively weak made hands on the turn against loose players who never fold any made hand or draw. . POSTED Nov 11, 2016. With fewer cards in the deck, you’ll hit your outs more often too. MTT Prize Structure ExampleTable des mains de départ pour la phase initiale d‘un tournoi (MTT) Starting-Hand-Chart Mains Relances avant vous Début de parole Milieu de parole Fin de parole Blinds AA, KK, QQ Aucune Relancer Une relance unique Relancer Plus d'une All-In AK Aucune Relancer Une en début de parole SuivrePre-Flop Poker Tournament Strategy – Stack Sizes And Starting Hand Selections. 100BBs+ deep, tend to use a polarized bluffing range. 2bb/100) but I'm a little confused. Get push/fold charts for 169 starting hands. I want to grind the SnG hyper turbo 6-max satellites that have buy in $18 in pokerstars. Hand protection is not necessary if you have a good, almost certainly winning hand. For example, here’s how PIOSolver thinks you should play vs a c-bet on K-8-3 after defending the BB versus an early position raise: Note that hands like A3, 44 and Q3s are check-raised at varying frequencies. Cutoff Button AA-JJ 25 25 25 25 TT, 99 13 18 25 25 88, 77 - 18 25 25 AKs, AKo 25 25 25 25 AQ 18 18 25 25 AJs, ATs - 13 18 21 AJo - 13 18 18 ATo, A9s - - 13 18 A8s-A4s, A9o-A7o - - 13 18 KQs, KJs, KQo - - 18 18 Re-steal Chart - You are the small blindPoker odds chart. Once again, you should be favoring hands like A9s over. Short Deck Poker is a variant of poker that’s gained popularity in the past few years. Call Shove Chart. 69% equity to win the hand, 3. Against this range, we can use an equity calculator to determine that QJs has 47. A Sit and Go is the only way you can experience every phase of a poker tournament in under an hour at any buy-in and never wait for a starting time. By Matthew Cluff. six plus holdem starting hand charts vol. 33. For instance, if you sit in MP with 12 bbs and everyone folds to you, a simple peek at the push shove chart for MP will tell you if. This is roughly the range of hands you can now start raising from late position. No-Limit Hold’em Starting Hand Chart The following chart is a Beginners guide for standard full ring no-limit hold’em games with 9 or 10 players. I think the optimal 3-betting number might be a bit higher, since players tend to call a little too tight in these. “Hand selection charts are a great way of learning the pre-flop basics," Wigg says. GTO strategy involves a lot of mixing, which means that a particular hand combo may be raised 18% and folded 72%. The percentage form of a range tells you what percentage of all possible starting hands are currently selected. raise/iso). This calculation factors in all. When suits are considered, those 169 possible starting hands become 1,326 unique combos. Position is a major factor when it comes to deciding which hands you should play. Cash. The amount of the time that. Our 4-bet size should put the 3-bettor in a marginal spot with most of his hands, forcing him to call with a decent portion of his 3-betting range. " A high VPIP suggests wider starting hand ranges, while a high PFR indicates aggressive pre-flop play. To illustrate what some of these tournament charts look like, here are the MTT open-raise ranges from the Red Chip Poker app assuming a stack depth of 20bb. Even if the table has a few massive action players, you should mainly stick to playing a solid range of hands. A Texas Hold’em Chart with Top 10 Starting Hands. Again, poker is a game of skill, and strong players with the best poker strategy will almost always win over a long period. Download Advanced PLO Preflop Charts Now. 917. Use these exploitative charts for small stakes tournament and cash games at a 9-handed table 100bbs deep. Meanwhile, the ICM 25% strategy and beyond sacrifice bubble placement EV in exchange for higher EV in the upper placements. Raise: To increase the amount of the previous bet. AK vs 65 on A95, where both players have a pair, but the pair of Aces. Example: AKs are: A♥K♥; A♦K♦; A♣K♣; A♠K♠ (four possible combinations). Relancer Paires moyennes JJ, TT Tout le monde se couche. I think the optimal 3-betting number might be a bit higher, since players tend to call a little too tight in these spots. When it comes to open-raising preflop, your sizings should remain the same as when you’re playing 100 big blinds deep. #3. Drawing to improve your hand is an essential part of poker,. You can even analyze hands in MTT tournaments, from the start to the final table. Raise There was one raise. Texas Hold’em hands start with pre-flop action. There is only 1 combo of 44 left in the deck, 2 combos of A9s , 3 Combos of 55 , 3 Combos of 99 , 2 Combos of 45s - some of these hands may also be bet on the flop when facing a check. You should also trim starting hands from the high-only range. 2. Position This is partially factored into most starting-hands charts. Note: This starting hands chart is designed for tournament games where you are pressured to make more moves as the amount of chips left in your stack decreases. For single table tournaments, 33% of the field will typically win money. Prepare for Variance. Generally, it’s also a good idea to play fewer hands from early. At a nine-handed table, the first three positions to act preflop – Under-the-Gun. In some cases, the suit does not matter. How to interpret this chart: This chart shows all the possible Hole Cards you could be dealt – ‘s’ for ‘suited’ and ‘o’ for ‘offsuit’. Goal 2: Poker Play. June 09, 2023. We use poker hand grids to visualize ranges. MTT Charts – While there is now a single chart for tournament games, there are other charts with suggestions. 2m flops solved, and over 100k solver hours. The early stage of a multi-table tournament includes the first 1-5 blind levels or until the antes come into play. Why Online Blackjack Is Just So Much Fun. Your motto is "winning by folding. Fast-Play Your Strong Hands to Build the Pot and Make More Money. You can see the hands order below starting with the highest ending with the lowest: • Royal Flush: 10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace all in the same suit. 2020 (7. Because the average stack is now only around 30 BBs, the implied odds are no longer adequate for many speculative hands – such as small pairs (22-66) and suited connectors – to call. If you're looking at a spot and you can see that they've raised 24% of hands from the CO over 1000 hands, it's a great starting point to be able to look at what the top 24% of hands looks. There are a total of 10,725 different PLO starting hands with a pair and 234 hands with two pair. Use a smaller raise size from early position and increase your size as you get closer to the Button. Best Poker Charts To Ace The Game. 5 big blinds, raise to 2. 246 Videos. 1 (first-in) six plus holdem starting hand charts vol. Double-suited holdings are always the best. With just 2. (Regular) Knockouts are the same as above, except that the bounty is worth only 20%, meaning. PLO Puzzle. September 30, 2022 · 11 minutes to read The early blind levels in a multi-table poker tournament are the easiest blind levels to play. FOLD: end your involvement in the hand and pay no more chips into the pot. MTT; SNG; Mindset; From The Ground Up PLO. We made the PLO Matrix, a PLO starting hand chart based on 6max monker outputs. In 5-Card PLO, the best hands are those where all five cards work together, such as Ah AsKs Qh Jc. 5bb. The Four Groups of Profitable Hole Cards. It is important that you find that fine balance between knowing when to call, fold or get even more aggressive by re-raising them right back (also known as a 4-Bet). Relancer Il y a eu une relance. This article will introduce you to the conservative approach. The early stage of a multi-table tournament includes the first 1-5 blind levels or until the antes come into play. No-Limit Hold’em Starting Hand Chart The following chart is a Beginners guide for standard full ring no-limit hold’em games with 9 or 10 players. 4% probability that you have a pair in your starting hand. However, found below is another possible starting hand range chart that satisfies the ~15%. Charts that show you what hands to play and from what position. This hand chart was created with a little help from a special poker software. Stick to hands with an ace and at least one wheel card (2 to 5), preferably those with backup. 5bb!This chart shows a great example of how you should balance with pocket Tens Finding Pre-Flop Balance with GTO Poker Strategy. Raise There was one raise. There is a 30. MTT Tournaments 0% read. It is imperative for any poker player who takes the game seriously to record their hand histories. Reaching the Final Table on MTTs: Once you’ve reached the final table you need to start adjusting to short-handed table strategy and open up your positional hand ranges . . It's the perfect compliment to this article. You can either use a randomizer (e. Tournament. These provide your Pre-Flop Ranges depending on your position, as explained below. Push fold charts define the push fold strategy to the slightest detail. Stick with strong hands that you would back up with your stack. this range. 5% ante tournament preflop gto solutionsPreflop+ poker gto nash charts by crafty wheel studios pty ltd Preflop advantage gto ranges tournament pokerPreflop poker charts. There are a total of 169 possible starting hands in Texas Hold’em poker, ranging from the high-value ‘Ace-Ace’ to the low-value ‘2-7 offsuit’. Tip #7 – Use Money and Final Table Bubble to. If you’re new to starting hand charts, we recommend quickly re-reading our article about poker hands & poker hand rankings here. You should “open up” for a raise for 2. The blind calculator tool below can take care of that and help set up your perfect structure. LearnWPT. While they may seem like profitable hands to push at any stack depth under 15bb, they are not. This means that in a 6-max game you should be playing a lot more speculative hands like suited connectors and suited aces as well. 4% against K♠ K ♥. Poker Chart of Poker Blinds. Hand protection is not necessary if you have a good, almost certainly winning hand. Consideration #4: Rake. Tip #3 – Defend Your Big Blind Often. So you risk fewer blinds, winning the same amount. Here you will learn all of the essential terms from the various positions on a poker table, to the various kinds of bets and more. So to save you a tremendous amount of time, I put together this pack. Hands that have potential make better than top pair. 25% Off All From the Ground Up Courses. 50, Cutoff 3-bets to $8, btn & blinds fold. With some experience you can broaden your preflop starting hand range, also your 3betting and 4betting range. Preflop Poker Hand Charts. bb vs mr 25-17bb. 6-Max / Short-handed: Starting Hand Chart Below is a table of Texas Holdem starting hands, ordered by their Expected Value (EV) in a 9 player holdem game. 5k hands, currently running at 1. The key is to stay calm, collected and in the zone until the middle rounds. The best high hand wins half of the pot, and the best low hand wins the other half of the pot. Preflop Strategy. PADS on PADS. read. You should probably use Upswing's charts. Brad Owen) $999 $749. Texas Holdem Starting Hands. #2. Here’s the 6-handed preflop charts for each position in the game where you can open raise. In other words, pocket pairs become very strong hands on the flop 150% more often compared to offsuit broadway. Factor 2. The Game Plan. Re-Raise: To make a raise after an opponent has already raised. Raise 1, Call 2. 1 to 2. Learning which starting hands to play in. But the best 6-max poker strategy is still always dependent on. When referencing push/fold charts, be sure to note when specific hands are excluded from your all-in range. Omaha Hi Lo (also known as Omaha 8 or Omaha Eight or Better) is a “split pot” version of the popular Omaha poker game. Below. 4% raw equity versus K♠ K ♥, but that doesn’t mean it will win the pot 17. Such hands have an expectation of profitability over the long term and can stand aggression from three-bets. 60BBs-. e. Learn How to Play Any Starting Hand With Two Clicks; Set Yourself Up for Success After the Flop . But say you begin with 10,000 chips with those same 25/50 blinds for Level 1. 6-MAX NLHE RANGE CHARTS RESOURCE PACK. It tells you which two cards to play from each position at a 6max table. Execute the action with the range and sizing (if applicable) found in the appropriate box. Hand vs Hand: Two known poker hands going up against each other Hand vs Range: One known poker hand going up against the entire range of an opponent’s possible hands. This is the. Of course, it’s not easy to get dealt a premium starting hand. Suited hands contain two cards of the same suit, like J♣9♣, A ♥ K ♥, K♠Q♠ and 9 ♦ 3 ♦. A fundamentally sound preflop strategy sets you up for success in all subsequent betting rounds. As you can see, a game theoretical optimal strategy doesn’t allow you to fold much pre-flop. 1 - Opening Ranges from Lojack/ UTG – 6Max . These MTT preflop ranges are simplified versions of the strategy output by GTO poker solvers. March 21, 2021. The fundamental difference between a MTT and a cash game is the following: the blinds in a cash game always remain the same. 3 PLO Starting Hand Factors. There is a lot of talk about hand charts at the moment and whether a visual prompt is a crutch or even a form of cheating. Raw all-in equity is not the main situation, since PLO is mostly. Playing these stronger hands in the early stages can be extremely lucrative, and. Click to jump to an in-depth explanation of the rule: Increase your preflop raise size when there is a weak player in the blinds. ”. e. And about 50% of the time your premium pre-flop hands will be cracked by anything including pocket 3's and 8/2 suited hitting baby flushes. 2. You make the most decisions preflop of any street. Roughly 1 hour per 2-3. Defending the big blind with more than 15% of hands was also considered crazy back then, and players would argue on the internet about whether you could defend T-9 offsuit against a 2. How do i play from 25-49 bb's pertaining to re raises especially #10 Mojumbo , 10 Mar 15 01:17 If allowed by your poker site/room, we recommend keeping the preflop raise charts up while you play (until you memorize them). 11-15 Big Blinds. The Raise First In (RFI) charts show which hands to play when everyone folds to you. There are two main ways that the poker ICM model will help you make better decisions. They allow players to set up a hand scenario and find the optimal solution to that situation. #10. 2bb, and that any 3-bets are all-in. RR 1 Option, Call All. (~20 million hands) hand histories mtt poker stars abi $22 1. A great place to start is the low end. Here is a poker range chart representing the starting hands for the player at the Small Blind position. Oct 14, 2019. Hands that we should continue with are those that retain the highest equity and playability, including: Flush drawsThere is no specific range of hands for a successful game. Texas Holdem Expected Value Hand Charts – 7 Players. Also, you will find that most of these books lay out an overly. This article will introduce you to the conservative approach. 1. Poker Blinds Chart: Names of Table Stakes ; 6. You then simply navigate through the dropdown menu to select the stack depth, position, and action sequence. imo shove charts are just something that you can use to get your ranges around about where they should be, but they shouldn't be relied upon. GTO solvers are basically like a super calculator for poker. The Poker Hand Range calculator will help you to make the best poker reads - you will most likely be able to read you opponents' poker tells. Put more straightforward, it usually refers to the percentage chance that you’ll win a hand at any given point. Example: 9 6 , 7 2 , K 10 , 6 3 , Q 5. GTO strategy involves a lot of mixing, which means that a particular hand combo may be raised 18% and folded 72%. This is your first and arguably biggest decision that you’ll make in the hand. 1. A Dead Simple Guide to Poker MTT Strategy. And so on. It’s also important to know what kinds of final hands our hole cards might ultimately form. Omaha Hi Lo 8b Strategy. Now, let’s delve a bit deeper into how to use the charts. DEFINITION / EXAMPLE. © Copyright 2009, PokerStrategy. When you’re reading an article from the. Two pairs on the other hand are much less common, and you will only have this rare hand in 1% of cases. Generally, it’s also a good idea to play fewer hands from early. Learning how to play solid preflop is the first step towards becoming a winning player. Poker Starting Hand Chart (6-Max Cash, 100bb) As such, it’s essential only to raise hands that are going to be +EV to start with (for an open-raise). These MTT preflop ranges are simplified versions of the strategy output by GTO poker solvers. These starting hands act as a reference point for a conservative TAG player in the early stages of an MTT. On the. After the departure of one of the opponents, the decisive stage of Spin and Go - Heads Up begins. This graph shows by position (if no player has entered the pot before you) which hands to play. Is there a beginners hand chart for 6max NL? - the FR games are often full on ipoker and so nitty it is ridiculous - even at 2NL. bb vs mr 13-11bb. Each poker hand chart has been simplified so that the frequency of an action for each hand combo is rounded to the nearest 50%. October 2, 2011 - 10:39 pm. Poker Hands Chart: Common Starting Hand Nicknames; 4. Middle Position: AA-1010, AK-AJ suited/off suit. Remain aware of stack sizes and relative risk. We would like some opinions. A board that has all 3 cards in the same suit is also called a monotone board. Using the starting hand chart above, we can determine that we’re opening 254 combos from the HJ, something that looks like this: According to MDF, we must be defending 67% of these hands, or 170 combos to be unexploitable. OESd An OESD is made up of four cards in sequential order; a ifth card on either end of the sequence would complete the straight. So if you select no hands, you would have 0%. Poker gto preflop starting optimal Winning nick poker tournaments review preflop Preflop gto ranges poker solved. Looking for online definition of MTT or what MTT stands for? MTT is listed in the World's most authoritative dictionary of abbreviations and acronyms MTT - What does MTT stand. PLO starting hand rankings, with a focus on deep stacked loose action full ring cash games. What hands to cold 4-bet. bb vs limp 25-17bb. By Kane Kalas $999 $749 Save $249. The conservative approach has the following traits: very few, but very strong, starting hands are played; when you play, you play aggressively; you avoid marginal situations All Texas Hold’em starting hands can be separated into two categories: “suited” and “offsuit”. Tournament. By Mark Holland. More Texas Holdem Starting Hands. Poker Chart: Pot odds with respect to bet sizing. Opening hand ranges depend on your effective stack As mentioned, your opening hand range should be quite different in later stages vs. com. This is the most suitable approach for beginners. This is a Hand Matrix. Players who master. Compare this with a hand such as JT offsuit, which becomes two-pair or better just 4. It depends on your position, his position, the size of his 3-bet, the effective stack depth and exactly how loose, you think, he is 3-betting. 6-Max / Short-handed: Starting Hand ChartBelow is a table of Texas Holdem starting hands, ordered by their Expected Value (EV) in a 9 player holdem game. Starting with Opening Hands. Hand Guide: Preflop > Flop > Turn > River. With a flat structure, the winner can cash out 20% of the entire prize pool. The Most In-depth And Beginner Friendly MTT Training Course On The Market. The below chart is very interesting because you can see the EV change as your position changes along the table. Note that this is also a double-suited hand which is a nice bonus. Raise Someone called. 2%. • Full House: A pair plus three of a kind in the same hand. Visit Site . 3. For a better overview, we have formed four groups out of the profitable top 40 hole cards: Top 5 hands (2. | Learning, Poker, AkoWhen they hit, they make big pot hands (sets, flushes, full houses, etc. Let the villains bluf! So calling is most effective. 75 until November 27, 2023. MTT: 50-100: 200-500: SNG: 25-50 ~100: We should emphasize that these numbers are only rough guidelines, and that many individuals may choose with good. 2 times the big blind. Starting hands are one of the easiest and fundamental concepts to learn in MTTs. It seems to be a testament to the fact that a lot of players just want to gamble and aren't really interested in poker strategy. 9% 86. Chips. From The Ground Up. Tip 2: Play your stack size, not your cards. Each poker hand chart has been simplified so that the frequency of an action for each hand combo is rounded to the nearest 50%. With the faster blind levels, you’ll be all-in more often and. Terminology – This is going to be a section mainly for new players. Hands with the letter “o” next to them represent offsuit hands, AKo for instance could be A♣ K♦. As you may have noticed, even a ‘tight’ heads-up opening range is wide compared to the typical 6-max button opening range (usually around 50%). Therefore, our shove-only range allows us to VPIP 33. One-pair hands win small pots often, and when they lose, they lose big. With an open-ended straight draw, for example, your chance of hitting a straight by the river is 45. If you normally raise to 2. Whenever we do anything in poker we want to first consider our opponent’s overall range. ), whereas top-pair hands go down in value. Playing the early stages of MTTs. When we open-raise UTG, there are five people left to act in a 6-max game, with all but the SB and BB having positional advantage post-flop. There are other ways of playing these hands. STEP 1. & Chris Wehner Heads-Up Course by Doug Polk Mixed Games Course by Jake Abdalla Short Deck Course by Kane Kalas High. FluSH dRAWPoker betandbeat5 blackjack tips for pros Blackjack cautiousBlackjack hands basic quick super guide certain edgy charm game. Tip #2 – Raise Often & Raise Small. Access to our private poker group where you can get help with your strategy. First of all, full ring games play slower than 6-max for obvious reasons. Cutoff Raise First In (40 bb Effective) Considering the bottom of your range 40 bb deep in the cutoff, remember these two hands: offsuit nine combos and suited sixes (40% of your range). Cutting Edge. Big Blind Starting Hand Charts. There are three phases in a multi-table tournament (MTT): the early phase - with relatively small blinds in relation to stack sizes, and the middle and late phases - where the blinds. 5% strategies gain EV everywhere except for the 2nd and 1st placement. 54 Videos. Five times out of 10 you bust before the money; the other five you make it just inside the money. Nov 28, 2017. Firstly, they have a huge percentage of trash hands on this flop. Charts that show you what hands to play and from what position. HANDS rather than a specific hand. You need to refer to these charts away from the table when you review your play. Texas Holdem Expected Value Hand. RAISE: bet more than the player who raised. Stud Hi-Lo is a split pot game. Pre-Flop Ranges (6-Max) This chart details the Hole Cards that we believe you should open with in a 6-max No-Limit Hold ‘Em tournament without antes – such as Match Poker Online’s™ Battle Royale tournament. You missed your draw and have no shot of winning the pot at showdown. Using ICM – Applying Pressure and Making Big Folds. Learn how to play fundamentally sound poker preflop by signing up to get my preflop charts. The same goes for UTG+1 (i.